Modifications of the LCLS Photoinjector Beamline

The LCLS Photoinjector beamline is now in the Design and Engineering stage. The fabrication and installation of this beamline is scheduled for the summer 2006. The Photoinjector will deliver 10 ps long electron bunches of 1nC with a normalized transverse emittance of less than 1 mm.mrad for 80% of the slices constituting the core of the bunch at 135 MeV. The calculations done to finalize the specifications of the photoinjector beamline components are described. Modifications include a new exit energy, additional focusing between the two linac modules, the insertion of a ''laser heater'', and a new geometry for the coupling cells of the RF structures. We also discuss two interesting tunings, one for the nominal charge of 1nC but using a longer laser pulse and the second one for a lower charge of 0.2nC. Sensitivity to field errors and misalignment for those two new configurations is compared to that of the nominal tuning

PARMELA VS MEASUREMENTS FOR GTF AND DUVFEL

The particle-pushing PARMELA was used to design the photo-injector beamline of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) to be built at SLAC in 2005. PARMELA predicts that projected emittances smaller than 1.2 mm.mrad and slice emittance smaller than 1.0 mm.mrad will be achievable for 1nC, 10ps electron bunches with an S-band RF gun and an emittance compensating system. To benchmark PARMELA, comparisons between simulations and measurements for two photo-injector test facilities, the Gun Test Facility (GTF) at SLAC and the Deep Ultra Violet FEL (DUVFEL) at BNL, have been performed. Aspects of the modeling of fields and initial distributions are discussed. The agreement between measured and simulated beam parameters (projected and slice emittance, Twiss parameters) is satisfying. Accordingly, it gives credibility to the extrapolation made for studying the LCLS case. PARMELA also indicates possible improvements in the tuning of those facilities to achieve the LCLS required beam properties.

Commissioning the SPEAR3 Diagnostic Beamlines

SPEAR3 has two diagnostic beam lines: an x-ray pinhole camera and a visible/UV beam line. The pinhole camera images {approx}8 keV dipole synchrotron radiation (SR) incident on a phosphor screen. The visible beam line delivers conventional optical radiation to an array of cameras and diagnostic elements on a 1x3m optical bench. This paper briefly reviews the pinhole camera system while concentrating more on visible beam line power transmission calculations and streak camera data. Impedance estimates in the nominal optics and bunch length measurements in low-alpha optics are presented

Linac Coherent Light Source Electron Beam Collimation

This paper describes the design and simulation of the electron beam collimation system in the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Dark current is expected from the gun and some of the accelerating cavities. Particle tracking of the expected dark current through the entire LCLS linac, from gun through FEL undulator, is used to estimate final particle extent in the undulator as well as expected beam loss at each collimator or aperture restriction. A table of collimators and aperture restrictions is listed along with halo particle loss results, which includes an estimate of average continuous beam power lost. In addition, the transverse wakefield alignment tolerances are calculated for each collimator

Uncorrelated Energy Spread and Longitudinal Emittance of a Photo injector Beam

Longitudinal phase space properties of a photoinjector beam are important in many areas of high-brightness beam applications such as bunch compression, transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange, and high-gain free-electron lasers. In this paper, we discuss both the rf and the space charge contributions to the uncorrelated energy spread of the beam generated from a laser-driven rf gun. We compare analytical expressions for the uncorrelated energy spread and the longitudinal emittance with numerical simulations and recent experimental results

Measurement and Analysis of Field Emission Electrons in the LCLS Gun

The field emission was measured during the high-power testing of the LCLS photocathode RF gun. A careful study and analysis of the field emission electrons, or dark current is important in assessing the gun's internal surface quality in actual operation, especially those surfaces with high fields. The first indication of a good RF gun design and fabrication is short processing time to the required fields and low electron emission at high fields. The charge per 2 microsecond long RF pulse (the dark charge) was measured as a function of the peak cathode field for the 1.6 cell, 2.856GHz LCLS RF gun. Faraday cup data was taken for cathode peak RF fields up to 120MV/m producing a maximum of 0.6nC/RF pulse for a diamond-turned polycrystalline copper cathode installed in the gun. Digitized images of the dark charge were taken using a 100 micron thick YAG crystal for a range of solenoid fields to determine the location and angular distribution of the field emitters. The FN plots and emitter image analysis will be described in this paper

Microbunching and Beam Break Up in DUV FEL Accelerator

We present the results of electron beam longitudinal modulation studies in the DUV-FEL accelerator. For bunch length determination we used the 'zero-phasing' method, based on a measurement of the chirped electron bunch energy spectra. The measurements revealed a spiky structure in the longitudinal phase space [1]. A model based on space charge effect is considered [2] to explain of the obtained phenomena. The analysis of the energy spectra has shown a sensitivity of the structure to the electron beam peak current, energy and longitudinal non-uniformity of the RF gun drive laser. Analytical calculations have demonstrated a qualitative agreement with experimental observations. Several experiments have been made to compare with theory; measured results are reviewed in this paper. The obtained effect is briefly discussed in relation to high brightness accelerators